Space Apps Challenge 2017

The observation:

Buenos Aires city is full of beautiful trees. Many of them delight us in spring with their blossoms (see: Jacarandá), others can give edible fruit (LaCiudadNosRegalaSabores), but most of them produce pollen and volatile particles that cause allergy (see: Platanus)

The questions:

• Can we predict Buenos Aires city trees' allergen production and dispersion?
• Can we use this model to route citizens minimizing their pollen exposure?
• Can we expand our idea to other cities? (Including cities without tree data availability?)
• Can we use this data to predict other tree related phenomena such as fruit production and ripening?

The data:

• Buenos Aires city official tree database: https://data.buenosaires.gob.ar/dataset/arbolado-p...
• Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/
• Weather APIs (OpenWeatherMap, Wezzoo, The Weather Company, etc).

The idea:

1. Use the tree dataset to find particle producing trees and locate them.
2. Fetch historical Landsat 8 band 4 and 5 imagery for these locations.
3. Calculate the NDVI (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalized_Differenc...) for each location and time point.
4. Try to correlate NDVI signal with critical moments of the tree life cycle in order to predict future allergen producing events [4].
5. Use these allergen sources and climate data as an input to a dispersion model [2] [3].

Progress made:

• City map with all the trees of the city: http://bit.ly/2oYrZS8
• Calculated NDVI from a random sample of trees [6].
• Team Repository: https://github.com/Lemon-Py/

This project is being developed with:

• Leaflet (HTML5).
• Pandas (Python).
• MatPlotLib (Python).
• Numpy (Python).
• Flask (Python).
• GDAL (Python).

Future perspectives:

• Improve our tree dataset using different data sources (social media, user input through the app, Google street view) combined with classification algorithms [5], image recognition and user feedback. Our intention is to be able to quickly expand our data, with trees [1] [7] and weather forecasts from many cities in the world. For example, Melbourne (Australia) already has an open tree dataset that we can use.
• Internet has tons of weather APIs that we can combine with our data to predict the distribution of pollen in the cities and even the whole world [2] [3] [4] [8]. APIs like OpenWeatherMap, Wezzoo, and many others use information from:
  • Social media machine learning algorithms.
  • Mobile devices sensors.
  • User feedback.
  • Real time radars.
  That we can gather to better predict the atmospheric conditions in order to estimate pollen dispersion.
• Get satellital images with higher spacial resolution from more satellites like Sentinel-2, to be able to calculate the NDVI of each tree with a better precision.

Bibliography:

1. Törmä, M., Lumme, J., Pyysalo, U., Patrikainen, N., & Luojus, K. (2004). Tree species classification using ers sar and modis ndvi images. International Archives of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 35(7), 927-932.
2. Pietrowicz, J., & Pasken, R. (2002). The Use of mesoscale meteorological models as a tool for pollen Concentration Forecasts.
3. Alcázar, P., Cariñanos, P., De Castro, C., Guerra, F., Moreno, C., Domínguez-Vilches, E., & Galán, C. (2004). Airbone plane-tree (Platanus hispanica) pollen distribution in the city of Cordoba, South-western Spain, and possible implications on pollen allergy. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 14, 238-243.
4. Skjøth, C. A., Ørby, P. V., Becker, T., Geels, C., Schlünssen, V., Sigsgaard, T., ... & Hertel, O. (2013). Identifying urban sources as cause of elevated grass pollen concentrations using GIS and remote sensing. Biogeosciences, 10(1), 541-554.
5. Zhang, K., & Hu, B. (2012). Individual urban tree species classification using very high spatial resolution airborne multi-spectral imagery using longitudinal profiles. Remote Sensing, 4(6), 1741-1757.
6. Peng, D., Jiang, Z., Huete, A. R., Ponce-Campos, G. E., Nguyen, U., & Luvall, J. C. (2013). Response of spectral reflectances and vegetation indices on varying juniper cone densities. Remote Sensing, 5(10), 5330-5345.
7. Xu, J., Cai, Z., Wang, T., Liu, G., Tang, P., & Ye, X. (2016). Exploring Spatial Distribution of Pollen Allergenic Risk Zones in Urban China. Sustainability, 8(10), 978.
8. Weinberger, K. R. (2015). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Tree Pollen in New York City: Linking Aeroallergen Measurements to Health. Columbia University.